The following is a summary of Yin Yanlin's keynote address to attendees at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Yin is the Vice Chairman of the Economic Committee for the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former Deputy Director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission.

​The following is a summary of Zhang Bin's comments during a roundtable discussion at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Zhang is the Deputy Director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics (IWEP) at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

The following is a summary of Zhang Ming's comments during a roundtable discussion at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Zhang is the Deputy Director of the Institute of Finance and Banking (IFB) at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

The following is a summary of Francis T. Lui's comments during a roundtable discussion at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Lui is Professor Emeritus and Adjunct Professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology’s Department of Economics.

The following is a summary of Lu Zhengwei's comments during a roundtable discussion at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Lu is the Chief Economist of Industrial Bank.

The following is a summary of Li Wenjie's comments during a roundtable discussion at the 45th Tsinghua University Forum on China and the World Economy held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, on June 17, 2023. Li is the Senior Vice President of Beike Zhaofang and President of the Beike Research Institute.

Over the past several centuries, the size of governments around the world have undergone a dramatic expansion during the process of economic development, with the average share of government spending as a proportion of GDP having risen from around 10% to as much as 39% on average. This pattern of development is often referred to as Wagner’s Law. This lecture aims to explain the root causes of Wagner's Law and predict future changes in the size of governments.